Important Symbols of India

National flag:-

Indian national flag is tricolour flag. It is horizontal one having the ratio of 2:3(WidthxLength). top most band of the flag is saffron colour,the middle one is white colour and bottom band has green colour. In the middle of the white colour, One can easily observe the Ashok Dharma chakra having 24 spokes.

National flag is adopted on 22nd july,1947 in constituent assembly. This flag is designed on the basis of Swarajya flag,which was designed by Pingali venkayya. (Lala Hansraj is credited of adopting the dharma chakra in the middle of the wheel.

National flag shall be respected(Fundamental Duty) and any Dishonour to the flag is an offence according to the law. There are three statutes governing the National flag Viz., Emblems and names(prevention of improper use) act,1950 , Prevention of insult to national honour act,1971  and Flag Code of india, 2002.

Half-mast:- Flag,which is flown half-mast is a sign of mourning.

National Emblem:-

National emblem of india has four Lions which are standing back to back that represents the Propagation of Dharma in four directions. This comes from the Ashoka Pillar at saranath. Indian Govt adopted the Upper Most part of the pillar that is Capital and excluded the Ashoka wheel,which is originally present at the top of the capital. 

National emblem also consists of the abacus having the Four animals,which are Lion(in the north side), Horse(western side), Bull( southern Side) and Elephant(Eastern side).

When we look at the national emblem, Generally we can see Two animals and a chakra in between two animals, which are Bull on the right and Horse on the left. 

At the beneath,a verse is Conspicuous that is “Satyameva Jayathe”, which is adopted from the Mundaka Upanishad.

National Anthem:-  Jana Gana Mana is the national anthem of india. It is written by Rabindranath Tagore(Nobel Laureate).This Anthem consists of 5 Stanzas and takes 52 seconds to complete.This song was sung for the first time in INC session at kolkatta in 1911.

National Song:- “Vande Mataram” is the national song of india. It was written by Bakim Chandra Chatterjee.This was the excerpt from the Bakim chandra chatterjee's AnandMatt. Vandemataram was translated into english by Aurabindo Gosh. It was sung for the first time in Kolkatta session,1896.

Both anthem and song were adopted by constituent assembly in january 24th,1950(just two days before the First Republic day). Both have equal status. 

National Tree:- Indian Banyan 

National Fruit:- Mango

National animal:- Bengal Tiger

National Flower:- Indian Lotus

National Calendar:- Saka Calander, which have following  12 months

1. Chaitra(start with March21/22)
2. Jaishta
3. Vaishaka
4. Ashada
5. Shravana
6. Bhadrapada
7. Asvina
8. Kartika
9. Mrigasira
10. Pushya 
11. Magha
12. Phalguna

National River:- Ganga

National Bird :- Peacock

National Currency :- Indian Rupee

National Aquatic Animal:- Gangetic Dolphin(endangered species in IUCN red List)